Kim Jeong
The majority of cases of cognitive impairment in elderly persons are caused by Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. These two basic types of dementia, which include several subcategories, frequently overlap, and in some cases, a conclusive diagnosis may only be made after death. This affects the standard of treatment for these individuals as well as how tailored therapies are created for them. The non-invasive imaging technique known as Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA), which is used to see the retinal layers and veins, has shown promising findings in the research of several neurological disorders, including dementia. This study seeks to concisely summarise the current state of knowledge and offer important insight into new patterns of OCTA biomarker values in vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The inner retinal layer thickness might be a biomarker that is preferentially affected in degenerative dementia, including Alzheimer's, whereas the outer-layer thickness as a whole justifies attention as a potential vascular dementia biomarker. According to the current literature, vessel density seems to be a common biomarker for both forms. Further research should be done on radial peripapillary capillary density as a biomarker especially connected to vascular dementia.